Indices Used for Gender Equality: European Union Countries and Türkiye
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v25i2.508Keywords:
Gender, Gender Equality, Gender Equality Index, EU Countries, TürkiyeAbstract
Many organisations conduct research on the concept of gender, which refers to the social dimension of the gender to which a
person belongs. However, it is not possible to say that there is a single method for measuring gender-based inequalities. The aim of the study is to explain the indices used in the field of gender equality in general terms and to evaluate the index values in the European Union (EU) countries and Türkiye in particular. Accordingly, the concepts of gender and gender equality are first explained in this study. Afterwards, the indices used in the field of gender equality were explained and the index values of EU countries and Türkiye were analyzed from the database of the organizations researching these indices. In this study, data from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Development Centre, World Economic Forum (WEF), European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) were used in the field of gender equality.
References
BM Pekin Raporu. https://dspace.ceid.org.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/547/ekutuphane2.3.2.1.1.pdf?sequence=1, 30.03.2024.
Anıl, E., İlkkaracan, P., Kılıç, Z. Seral, G. ve Ülgen, T. (2001). Pekin+5: Birleşmiş Milletler’de Kadının İnsan Hakları ve Türkiye’nin Taahhüt-leri, Kadının İnsan Hakları Projesi (KİHP).
Baş, M. M. T. (2011). Avrupa Birliği’nde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliğinin Ana Plan ve Politikalara Yerleştirilmesi: Hollanda, Romanya ve Tür-kiye Örneklerinin İrdelenmesi, Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü.
Berik, G. (2022). Towards Improved Measures of Gender Inequality: An Evaluation of UNDP’s Gender Inequality Index and A Proposal, UN Women, Discussion Paper, No. 41, https://internationalwim.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Discussion-paper-Towards-improved-measures-of-gender-inequality-en.pdf.
Büker, S. Medyada Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği: Haritalama ve İzleme Çalışması Geniş Özet, Ankara: CEİD Yayınları.
Çiftçi, M. “Finlandiya’da Kadın”, https://books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/download/1965/1984/44559?inline=1, 01.04.2024.
Deniz, M. H. ve E. H. Hobikoğlu (2012). “Cinsiyete Göre Gelişme Endeksi Çerçevesinde Kadın İstihdamının Ekonomik Değerlendirmesi: Türkiye Örneği”, International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2012: 11-13.
Ecevit, Y. ve G. B. Tüzel (2019). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliğinin İzlenmesi İçin El Kitabı, Ankara: CEİD Yayınları.
EIGE (a). Cinsiyet Eşitliği Endeksi, https://eige.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/mh0113513trc_002.pdf, 10.02.2024.
EIGE (b). https://eige.europa.eu/gender-equality-index/2023, 14.03.2024.
EIGE (c). https://eige.europa.eu/gender- equality-index/2023/country, 08.02.2024.
Euronews. https://tr.euronews.com/2021/10/29/avrupa-da-toplumsal-cinsiyet-esitligi-endeksinde-isvec-ilk- s-rada-yunanistan-son-s-rada-ye, 31.03.2024.
European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE). Cinsiyet Eşitliği Endeksi, https://eige.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/mh0113513trc_002.pdf, 10.03.2024.
Ferrant, G., L. Fuiret and E. Zambrano (2020). The Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) 2019: A revised framework for better advo-cacy, OECD Development Centre, Working Paper No. 342.
ILOSTAT. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/#, 10.01.2025. İnsani Gelişme Endeksleri ve Göstergeleri: 2018 İstatistiksel Güncellemesi. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/tr/FAQs--GII_TR_v01.pdf, 10.02.2024.
Jütting J. P., C. Morrisson, J. Dayton‐Johnson & Denis Drechsler, “Measuring Gender (In) Equality: The OECD Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base”, Journal of Human Development, ISSN: 1464-9888 (Print) 1469-9516 (Online) Journal homepage: www.tandfonline.com/journals/cjhd19.
Karakaş, B. ve Ö. Ç. Çevik (2016). “Cinsiyet Eşitsizliğinin Ölçülmesi: Küresel Cinsiyet Uçurumu Endeksine Eleştirel Bir Yaklaşım”, Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 5 (13): 67-81.
OECD.Stat. https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?datasetcode=GIDDB2023#, 18.03.2024.
Özdemir, E. A. ve Altay, A. (2022). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Kalkınma ve Devlet, Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
Özel, S. Ö., D. Veysikarani ve Ç. K. Taş (2023). “MENA Ülkelerinde Sosyal Kurumlar ve Cinsiyet Endeksi (SIGI) Değişkenleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Doğrusal Olmayan Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Sayı: 54: 347-365.
Sumbaş, A. (2021). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği, (Edt. Aksu Bora ve Şen-gül İnce), “Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Siyaset, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Kadın Sorunları Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (HUKSAM).
Tatlı, İ. (2022). Kadın Haklarının Küresel Güncel Durumu, İNSAMER Rapor 163, https://www.insamer.com/tr/uploads/pdf/kadin-haklarinin-ku-resel-gu-ncel-durumu.pdf, 10.01.2025.
UNDP. (2010). Human Development Report 2010: 20th Anniversary Edition, file:///C:/Users/wind/Downloads/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint-1.pdf, 29.09.2024.
UNDP. Gender Inequality Index, https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/thematic-composite-indices/gender- inequality-index#/indicies/GII, 14.03.2024.
UNDP. Gender Development Index, https://hdr.undp.org/gender-development-index#/indicies/GDI, 13.03.2024.
UNDP. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/tr/UNDP-TR-TECHNICAL-NOTES- HDI-IHDI-HDR-2020-TR.pdf, 13.03.2024.
Urul, A. K. (2016). 81 İl İçin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Karnesi-2016, Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı (TEPAV).
WEF. (2017). The Global Gender Gap Report 2017, Insight Report.
WEF. Global Gender Gap Report, (2012-2023), https://www.weforum.org/publications/series/global-gender-gap-report/.
WEF. The Global Gender Gap Report 2011, https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2011.pdf, 15.03.2024.
World Bank. Gender Data Portal, https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/sg-vaw-1549-zs?view=bar&geos=TUR_EUU_LIC_LMC_HIC_UMC_LDC_OED_WLD, 10.01.2025.
World Economic Forum (WEF). (2022). Global Gender Gap Report 2022: Insight Report (July 2022), https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2022.pdf, 15.03.2024.
Yıldız, İ. (2022). “Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği ve Türkiye: İnsani Gelişme Endeksi Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme”, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5 (2): 1-20.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Kadın/Woman 2000, Journal for Women's Studies

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [6 months] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)