Müslüman Ülkelerde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Politikalarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v19i1.269Anahtar Kelimeler:
kadın politikaları- İslam medeniyeti- Müslüman kadınlarÖzet
Kadın hakları ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği konuları tartışıldığında, Batılı bilim insanlarının Müslüman ülkeleri birleşmiş tek bir kültür olarak görme eğilimleri vardır. Söz konusu eğilim ve savların sorgulandığı bu makalede, aynı zamanda, İslamiyet’i toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine karşı kuvvetli bir engel olarak gören birtakım fikirlere de eleştirel bir yaklaşım getirilerek, Müslüman ülkelerde toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği politikaları arasındaki farklılıklar incelenmektedir. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada dünyadaki toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği politikalarının kapsamını ölçmek için oluşturulmuş yeni ve orijinal kadın politikası ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Bu ölçekler, 20 tanesi Müslüman olmak üzere toplam 84 ülkedeki toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği politikalarını, karşılaştırmalı bir bakış açısıyla incelemeyi mümkün kılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın analizleri Müslüman ülkelerdeki toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği politikaları arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğunu göstermektir. Bunun yanında, bu çalışmanın sunduğu ampirik deliller, Müslüman ülkelerin Müslüman olmayan ülkelere oranla genel olarak daha kötü toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği politikaları ürettiklerini de göstermektedir
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Tohidi N. (1998). The Issues at Hand. In H. L. Bodman & N. Tohidi (Eds.), Women in Muslim Societies: Diversity within Unity. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
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Waylen G. (2008). Enhancing the Substantive Representation of Women: Lessons from Transitions to Democracy. Parliamentary Affairs, 61(3), 518-534.
WEF (World Economic Forum) (2016). Küresel Cinsiyet Uçurumu Raporu, Dünya Ekonomik Forumu (Global Gender Gap Report). Internet adresi: http://www.weforum.org/issues/global-gender-gap. Erişim tarihi: 15 Şubat 2016
Voll J.O. (2007). Islam and Democracy: Is Modernization a Barrier? Religion Compass, 1(1): 170–178.
Aktürk Ş. (2007). Braudel’den Elias’a ve Huntington’a “Medeniyet” Kavramının Kullanımları. Doğu Batı, 41: 147-175.
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (2003). Arap İnsani Kalkınma Raporu 2003: Bilgi Toplumu Kurarken (Arab Human Development Report 2003: Building a Knowledge Society). UNDP, Regional Bureau for Arab States.
Ayata A.G. & Tutuncu F. (2008). Critical Acts without Critical Mass: The Substantive Representation of Women in the Turkish Parliament. Parliamentary Affairs, 61(3): 461-475.
Beeman W.O. (2013). Iran’s Islamic Republic. In Esposito J.L. & Shahin E.E: (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics. Newyork: Oxford University Press: page numbers.
Bodman H.L. (1998). Introduction. In Bodman H. L. & Tohidi N. (Eds.), Women in Muslim Societies: Diversity within Unity. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers: page numbers.
Bubic S. (1996) Family Law in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Bainham A. (Ed.), The International Survey of Family Law 1996. The Hague: Martinus Hijhoff Publishers: 51-68.
Charrad M.M. (2001). State and Women's Rights: The Making of Postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria & Morocco. Ewing, NJ, USA: University of California Press.
Davutoğlu A. (1997). Medeniyetlerin ben-İdrakı. Divan, 1997(1):1-53.
Donno D. & Russet B. (2004). Islam, Authoritarianism, and Female Empowerment: What Are the Linkages? World Politics, 56(4): 582-607.
Eissa D. (1999). Constructing the Notion of Male Superiority over Women in Islam. Women Living Under Muslim Law (WLUML) Occasional Paper No.11.
Engineer A.A. (1996). The Rights of Women in Islam. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
Esmer Y. (2003). Is there an Islamic Civilization. In R. F. Inglehart (Ed.), Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys. Leiden: Brill: 265-298.
Esposito J.L. & Piscatori J.P. (1991). Democratization and Islam. Middle East Journal, 45(3): 427-440.
Esposito J.L. & Voll J.O. (1996) Islam and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Fish M.S. (2012). Islam and Authoritarianism. World Politics, 55 (1): 4-37.
Htun M. & Weldon S.L. (2012). The Civic Origins of Progressive Policy Change: Combating Violence against Women in Global Perspective, 1975–2005. American Political Science Review, 106(3): 548-569.
Hudson V.M.; Ballif-Spanvill B.; Caprioli M. & Emmett C.F. (2012). Sex and World Peace. New York: Columbia University Press.
Hudson V.M.; Bowen D.L. & Nielsen P.L. (2011). What Is the Relationship between Inequity in Family Law and Violence against Women? Approaching the Issue of Legal Enclaves. Politics & Gender, 7: 453-492.
Huntington S.P. (1993). The clash of civilizations? Forgein Affairs, 72(3): 22-49.
Huntington S.P. (1998). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order. London: Touchstone Books.
Inglehart R. & Norris P. (2003). The True Clash of Civilizations. Foreign Policy, 135: 62-70.
Inglehart R. & Norris P. (2004). Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change around the World. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Jamal A. & Langohr V. (2010). The Politics of Passing Women-Friendly Legislation in Arab Parliaments. Paper presented at the International Studies Association Annual Convention, New Orleans.
Keddie N.R. (1990). The Past and Present of Women in the Muslim World. Journal of World History, 1(1): 77-108.
Lenski G. & Nolan P.D. (1984). Trajectories of Development: A test of ecological-evolutionary theory. Social Forces, 63(1): 1-23.
Lewis B. (1990). The Roots of Muslim Rage. The Atlantic, 266(3): 47-60.
Mazur A.G. (2002). Theorizing Feminist Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Midlarsky M.M.(1998). Democracy and Islam: Implications for Civilizational Conflict and the Democratic Peace. International Studies Quarterly, 42(3): 485-511.
Norton R.A. (2002). Civil Society and Prospects of Democratization in the Arab World. In Ibrahim S.E (Ed.), Egypt, Islam and Democracy: Critical Essays. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press: 245-266.
Price D.E. (1999). Islamic Political Culture, Democracy, and Human Rights A Comparative Study. Westport: Praeger Publishers.
Ratner R.S. (1980). The Policy and Problem: Overview of Seven Countries. In Ratner R.S. (Ed.), Equal Employment Policy for Women. Philedelphia: Temple University Press: 1-53.
Said B.E.W. (2001). Cehaletler Çatışması. The Nation, 278(12): 11-14.
Shaaban B. (1995). Muted Voices of Women Interpreters. In Afkhami M. (Ed.), Faith and Freedom: Women's Human Rights in the Muslim World. New York: Syracuse University Press: 61-77.
Spierings N.; Smits J. & Verloo M. (2008). On the Compatibility of Islam and Gender Equality: Effects of Modernization, State Islamization, and Democracy on Women's Labor Market Participation in 45 Muslim Countries. Social Indicators Research, 90: 503-522.
Stepan A.C. & Robertson G.B. (2003). An "Arab" More than "Muslim" Electoral Gap. Journal of Democracy, 14(3): 30-44.
Stetson D.M. (2004). Women's Rights in the USA: Policy debates and Gender Roles (3rd ed.). London: Routledge.
Sweeney S.E. (2006). Women's Human Rights: A Global Comparative Analysis. Doctoral Dissertation, Graduate School of Binghamton University State University of New York.
Sweeney S.E. (2007). Government Respect for Women's Economic Rights: A Cross-National Analysis, 1981–2003. In S. Hertel & L. Minkler (Eds.), Economic Rights: Conceptual Measurement and Policy Issues. New York: Cambridge University Press: 233-266.
Tessler M. (2002). Islam and Democracy in the Middle East: The Impact of Religious Orientations on Attitudes toward Democracy in Four Arab Countries. Comparative Politics, 34(3), 337-354.
Tohidi N. (1998). The Issues at Hand. In H. L. Bodman & N. Tohidi (Eds.), Women in Muslim Societies: Diversity within Unity. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Toynbee A.J. (1965). A Study of History. New York: Oxford University Press.
Walby S. (2009). Globalization and Inequalities: Complexity and Contested Modernities. London, UK: Sage Publications.
Waylen G. (2008). Enhancing the Substantive Representation of Women: Lessons from Transitions to Democracy. Parliamentary Affairs, 61(3), 518-534.
WEF (World Economic Forum) (2016). Küresel Cinsiyet Uçurumu Raporu, Dünya Ekonomik Forumu (Global Gender Gap Report). Internet adresi: http://www.weforum.org/issues/global-gender-gap. Erişim tarihi: 15 Şubat 2016
Voll J.O. (2007). Islam and Democracy: Is Modernization a Barrier? Religion Compass, 1(1): 170–178.
Yayınlanmış
2021-05-10
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Ertan, S. (2021). Müslüman Ülkelerde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Politikalarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi. Kadın/Woman 2000, Journal for Women’s Studies, 19(1), 43–73. https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v19i1.269
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