İdeolojinin Gölgesinde Kadın: Kuzey Kore’de Kadın Hakları
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v26i1.517Anahtar Kelimeler:
Kadın- Kadın Hakları- İnsan Hakları- Juche İdeolojisi- Kuzey KoreÖz
Uluslararası sistemde ‘kapalı bir kutu’ olarak nitelendirilen Kuzey Kore’de hayatın her alanına sirayet eden bir yönetim ideolojisi hakimdir: Juche (주체). Bir kendine yeterlik felsefesi olarak kurgulanan Juche, Kuzey Kore’nin otoriter sistemini muhafaza etmesine destek olmaktadır. Bu otoriter ve kapalı toplum yapısında muhtemelen en dezavantajlı grubu kadınlar oluşturmaktadır. Nitekim, Kuzey Kore dünyanın en ağır insan hakları ihlallerinin gerçekleştiği ülkelerden biridir. Ülkenin kuruluş döneminde bir siyasi aktör, devrim temsilcisi ve kurucu unsur olarak şekillenen Kuzey Kore kadınının konumu, günümüzde bambaşka bir yöne evrilmiştir. Resmi söylemde kadın ve anne özdeş olarak kullanılmakla birlikte, kadınların kendilerini tümüyle ideolojinin ve liderin yönlendirmelerine adaması gerektiği sıklıkla ifade edilmektedir. Muhtemelen bu düşüncenin arka planında ideolojinin yanı sıra, Doğu Asya toplumlarını etkisi altına alan Konfüçyüsçü düşünce sisteminin hiyerarşik düzeninin de etkisi vardır. Zira, bu toplumlarda kadın, eşine itaat etmekle mükellef ve bir anne olarak varlık kazanmaktadır. Uluslararası toplum Kuzey Kore’nin nükleer güç sahibi olması tehdidiyle meşgulken, Kuzey Koreli kadınların hakları göz ardı edilmektedir. Günümüzde iltica eden Kuzey Korelilerin büyük bir kısmının kadın olması, durumun ciddiyetini gözler önüne sermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Kuzey Kore’de kadın haklarının Juche ideolojisi çerçevesinde nasıl şekillendiği incelenmektedir. Bilhassa kadınlara resmi olarak sağlanan haklar ile pratikteki uygulamaların farklılaşması ve ideoloji kıskacında kadının statüsü değerlendirilerek, sosyalist yapının bir parçası olarak sunulan Kuzey Koreli kadınların baskılarla mücadelesi ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.
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Telif Hakkı (c) 2025 Kadın/Woman 2000, Journal for Women's Studies
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