Türkiye’de Ensest Konulu Akademik Makalelerde Anneyi Suçlama
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v19i2.279Anahtar Kelimeler:
ensest- ataerkil annelik kurumu- anneyi suçlama- söylem- feminist söylem analiziÖzet
Ensest, anne, baba, aile üyesi veya akraba tarafından çocuğun cinsel ya da cinselliği ima eden davranışlarla sözlü, sözsüz, görsel ya da fiziksel olarak istismar edilmesidir. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalara göre ensestin failleri genellikle erkeklerdir, fakat ensest görülen ailelerde anneyi suçlamak yaygın bir eğilimdir. Bu eğilim akademik çalışmalarda da görülmektedir. Batı ülkelerinde ensest üzerine yapılan çalışmaların analizinde anneyi suçlamanın, annenin ensestteki rolü, annenin kişiliği, annenin rolleri ve ensest açığa çıkarken veya çıktıktan sonra annenin tepkisi konularında yoğunlaştığı belirtilmektedir. Anneyi suçlama ataerkil annelik anlayışının, kurumun ideoloji ve pratiklerinin bir parçasıdır. Bu nedenle makalede, feminist eleştirel söylem analizinin eşitsiz güç ilişkilerini ifşa etmek için araç olmasından yararlanarak, EBSCO ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarından erişilebilen, 2001 ve 2017 yılları arasında yayımlanmış ensesti konu edinen yirmi dört akademik metinde ataerkil annelik kavrayışına ve ideolojisine içkin anneyi suçlamanın yer alıp almadığı araştırılmıştır.
Türkiye’de, ensest üzerine yazılan makalelerde anneyi suçlamaya eleştirel yaklaşan iki makale dışında anne çalışma konusu edilmez. Analiz edilen makalelerin bir kısmı, anneyi suçlamayı söylemlerinde içermektedir. Anneyi suçlama söylemi genellikle metinlerarasılıkla, diğer bir deyişle anneyi suçlayan çalışmalara referans verilmesiyle bu metinlere dahil edilmiştir. Makalelerin söylemleri tıbbi, adli kurumlarla, üniversitelerle ve bu kurumlarda çalışan uzmanların pratikleri ve ideolojileri ile etkileşim içindedir. Bağlı olarak makalelerin söylemi mevcut ataerkil annelik ideoloji ve pratiklerini yeniden üretip güçlendirebilir ya da aksine anneyi suçlamaya karşı itirazı destekleyebilir.
Referanslar
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Biçer Ü., Çolak B., Çoşkun A., Demirbaş İ., Kurtaş Ö. & Gündoğmuş Ü.N. (2002). Çocuk istismarı Bir Yazgı Mı? Olgu Sunumu. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 7(3): 109-114.
Candib L.M. (1999). Incest and Other Harms to daughters Across Cultures: Maternal Complicity and Patriarchal Power. Women’s International Studies Forum, 22(2):185-201.
Caplan P. (2000). The New Don’t Blame Mother Mending the Mother–Daughter Relationship. New York&London: Routledge.
Chodorow N. (1974). Family Structure and Feminine Personality. İçinde, Rosaldo Z.M & Lamphere L.S. (Eds.), Woman, Culture and Society. California: Stanford University Press: 43-66.
Chodorow N. (1979). Mothering, Male Dominance, and Capitalism. İçinde, Eisentein Z.R. (Ed.), Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism. New York&London: Monthly Review Press: 83-106.
Coulter M. (2010). Institution of Motherhood. İçinde, O’Reilly A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Motherhood 1-3. Los Angeles&London: Sage Publications: 571-572.
Çavlin-Bozbeyoğlu A. (Haz.) (2009).Türkiye’de Ensest Sorununu Anlamak. Ankara: Damla Yayıncılık.
Çavlin-Bozbeyoğlu A., Koyuncu, E., Kardam F. & Sungur A. (2010). Ailenin Karanlık Yüzü: Türkiye’de Ensest. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1):1-37.
Devrimci-Özgüven H., Soykan Ç. & Yazar H. (2003). Bir Yasak-Sevi Olgusuna Yaklaşım ve Karşılaşılan Güçlükler. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 14(4): 311-318.
Ehrmin T.J. (1996). No More Mother Blaming: A Feminist Nursing Perspective on The Mother’s Role Father-Daughter Incest. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 10(4): 252-260.
Fairclough N. (1995). Critical Discourse Analysis A Critical Study of Language. New York: Longman Publishing.
Firestone S. (1993). Cinselliğin Diyalektiği (Çev: Salman Y.). İstanbul: Payel Yay.
Fox-Keller E. (2007). Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Bilim Üzerine Düşünceler (Çev: Aydar F.B.). İstanbul: Metis Yay.
Foucault M. (2002). Archeology of Knowledge (Çev: Smith S.). London & New York: Routledge.
Genç Ş. & Coşkun S. (2013). Ensest. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, (106): 215-260.
Green J. (1996). Mothers in “Incest Families” A Critique of Blame and Its Destructive Sequels. Violence Against Women, 3(2): 322-348.
Green J.F. (2010). Intensive Mothering. İçinde, O’Reilly A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Motherhood 1-3. Los Angeles & London: Sage Publications: 573-574.
Gündüz T., Karbeyaz K. & Ayrancı Ü. (2009). Torture Continuing up to Pregnancy: An Incest Case Sexual Abuse by Father. Journal of Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 9(1): 29-34.
Hays S. (1996). The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood. NewHaven & London: Yale University Press.
Liebman J.J. (1990). The Ideology of Mothering: Disruption and Reproduction of Patriarchy. Signs, 15(3):500-514.
Jackson D. & Mannex J. (2004). Giving Voice to the Burden of Blame: A Feminist Study of Mothers’ Experiences of Mother Blaming. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 10: 150-158.
Jeremiah E. (2006). Motherhood to Mothering and Beyond Maternity in Recent Feminist Thought. Journal of the Association for Research on Mothering, 8(1-2):21-33.
Kardam F. & Bademci E. (2013). Mothers in Cases of Incest in Turkey: Views and Experiences of Professionals. J ournal of Family Violence, 28:253–263.
Kantarcı M.N., Kandemir E., Berber G., Özcan M.E. & Şahin E. (2013). Anti-Epileptic Facilitated Sexual Assault: A Case of Incest. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 23(3):254-6.
Küpeli A., Demirer M., Kalaycı I., Gönen Ö. & Gürpınar S.S. (2014). Is the Victim Daughter or Granddaughter of the Perpetrator? (Incest Case Report). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 131:373–376.
Lazar M.M. (2007). Politicizing Gender in Discourse: Feminist critical Discourse Analysis as Political Perspective and Praxis. İçinde, Lazar M.M. (Ed.), Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis Gender, Power and Ideology in Discourse. New York: Palgrave Macmillan: 1-30.
McCullough K. (2004). Of Woman (But Not Man or the Nuclear Family) Born Motherhood Outside Institutional Heterosexuality. İçinde, O’Reilly A. (Ed.), From Motherhood to Mothering: The Legacy of Adrienne Rich’s of Women Born. Albany: State University of New York Press: 103-124.
McIntrye K. (1981). Role of Mothers in Father-Daughter Incest: A Feminist Analysis. Social Work 1981:462-466.
Millet K. (2011). Cinsel Politika (Çev: Selvi S.). İstanbul: Payel Yay.
Ortner B.S. (1974). Is Female to Male as Nature is to Culture. İçinde, Rosaldo-Zimbalist M. & Lamphere L.S (Eds.), Woman, Culture and Society. California: Stanford University Press: 67-87.
O’Reilly A. (Ed.) (2008). Introduction. Feminist Mothering. Albana: State University of New York Press: 1-24.
O’Reilly A. (Ed.) (2004). From Motherhood to Mothering. İçinde, The Legacy of Adrienne Rich’s of Women Born. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Özdemir B., Celbiş O., İris M. & Üzün İ. (2012). Doğumla Sonuçlanan Baba Kız Ensest: Olgu Sunumu. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1):30-2.
Rich A. (1986). Of Woman Born Motherhood as Experience and Institution. New York&London: W.W. Norton&Company.
Rosaldo-Zimbalist M. (1974). Theoretical Overview. İçinde, Rosaldo-Zimbalist M. & Lamphere L.S (Eds.), Woman, Culture and Society. California: Stanford University Press: 17-42.
Ruddick S. (1995). Maternal Thinking toward a Politics of Peace. Boston: Beacon Press.
Şahin F. & Taşar M.A. (2012). Sexual Abuse and Incest. Turkish Archive of Pediatrics, 47:157-162.
Saygılı S. & Gönenli S. (2008). Aynı Ailede Görülen Çoklu Ensest. Düşünen Adam, 21(1-4):32-37.
Scott W.J. (1988). Deconstructing Equality-versus-Difference: Or the Use of Poststructuralist Theory for Feminism. Feminist Studies, 14(1): 32-50.
Sen C. & Daniluk J. (1995). Themes in the Relationship of Mothers and Their Incestuously Abused Daughters: A Feminist Analysis. Feminism & Psychology, 5(1): 47-60.
Short P. (2005). Conclusion: Reflections on Motherhood. Porter M., Short P. & O’Reilly A. (Eds.), Motherhood: Power and Oppression. Toronto: Woman’s Press: 285-294.
Strand C.V. (2000). Treating Secondary Victims Intervention with Nonoffending Mother in the Incest Family. Thousand Oaks & London&Delhi: Sage Publication.
Taşğın S. & Sarı İ. (2014). Aile İçi Ensestin Nitel Analizi: Şanlıurfa Örneği. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(35): 486-500.
Tamraz N.D. (1996). Nonoffending Mothers of Sexually Abused Children: Comparion of Opinions and Research. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 5(4): 75-104.
Ünüvar Atılmış Ü., Gündüz T., Karbeyaz K., Balcı Y. & Oral R. (2008). Ensest Şüphesi İçeren Bir Olguda Tanı Güçlüğü: Türkiye Klinikleri. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 5(3): 124-132.
Wodak R. (1997). Introduction Some Important Issues in the Research of Gender and Discourse. İçinde, Wodak R. (Ed.), Gender and Discourse. London& Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage Publications:1-20.
Womack M.E., Miller G. & Lassiter P. (1999). Helping Mothers in Incestuous Families: An Emphatic Approach. Women & Therapy, 22(4):17-34.
Van Dijk T. (2015). Critical Discourse Analysis. İçinde, Tannen D., Hamilton H.& Schiffrin D. (Eds.), Handbook of Discourse Analysis (2. baskı). Chichester: Wiley Blackwell: 466-485.
Yiğit, R. (2005). Çocukların Cinsel İstismarı ve Ensest. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3):90-100.
Yüksel B. (2008). What Should the Management of Incest Pregnancies Be? An Ethical View Presented Via Three Cases. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 17(3): 52-54.
Biçer Ü., Çolak B., Çoşkun A., Demirbaş İ., Kurtaş Ö. & Gündoğmuş Ü.N. (2002). Çocuk istismarı Bir Yazgı Mı? Olgu Sunumu. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 7(3): 109-114.
Candib L.M. (1999). Incest and Other Harms to daughters Across Cultures: Maternal Complicity and Patriarchal Power. Women’s International Studies Forum, 22(2):185-201.
Caplan P. (2000). The New Don’t Blame Mother Mending the Mother–Daughter Relationship. New York&London: Routledge.
Chodorow N. (1974). Family Structure and Feminine Personality. İçinde, Rosaldo Z.M & Lamphere L.S. (Eds.), Woman, Culture and Society. California: Stanford University Press: 43-66.
Chodorow N. (1979). Mothering, Male Dominance, and Capitalism. İçinde, Eisentein Z.R. (Ed.), Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism. New York&London: Monthly Review Press: 83-106.
Coulter M. (2010). Institution of Motherhood. İçinde, O’Reilly A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Motherhood 1-3. Los Angeles&London: Sage Publications: 571-572.
Çavlin-Bozbeyoğlu A. (Haz.) (2009).Türkiye’de Ensest Sorununu Anlamak. Ankara: Damla Yayıncılık.
Çavlin-Bozbeyoğlu A., Koyuncu, E., Kardam F. & Sungur A. (2010). Ailenin Karanlık Yüzü: Türkiye’de Ensest. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1):1-37.
Devrimci-Özgüven H., Soykan Ç. & Yazar H. (2003). Bir Yasak-Sevi Olgusuna Yaklaşım ve Karşılaşılan Güçlükler. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 14(4): 311-318.
Ehrmin T.J. (1996). No More Mother Blaming: A Feminist Nursing Perspective on The Mother’s Role Father-Daughter Incest. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 10(4): 252-260.
Fairclough N. (1995). Critical Discourse Analysis A Critical Study of Language. New York: Longman Publishing.
Firestone S. (1993). Cinselliğin Diyalektiği (Çev: Salman Y.). İstanbul: Payel Yay.
Fox-Keller E. (2007). Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Bilim Üzerine Düşünceler (Çev: Aydar F.B.). İstanbul: Metis Yay.
Foucault M. (2002). Archeology of Knowledge (Çev: Smith S.). London & New York: Routledge.
Genç Ş. & Coşkun S. (2013). Ensest. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, (106): 215-260.
Green J. (1996). Mothers in “Incest Families” A Critique of Blame and Its Destructive Sequels. Violence Against Women, 3(2): 322-348.
Green J.F. (2010). Intensive Mothering. İçinde, O’Reilly A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Motherhood 1-3. Los Angeles & London: Sage Publications: 573-574.
Gündüz T., Karbeyaz K. & Ayrancı Ü. (2009). Torture Continuing up to Pregnancy: An Incest Case Sexual Abuse by Father. Journal of Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 9(1): 29-34.
Hays S. (1996). The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood. NewHaven & London: Yale University Press.
Liebman J.J. (1990). The Ideology of Mothering: Disruption and Reproduction of Patriarchy. Signs, 15(3):500-514.
Jackson D. & Mannex J. (2004). Giving Voice to the Burden of Blame: A Feminist Study of Mothers’ Experiences of Mother Blaming. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 10: 150-158.
Jeremiah E. (2006). Motherhood to Mothering and Beyond Maternity in Recent Feminist Thought. Journal of the Association for Research on Mothering, 8(1-2):21-33.
Kardam F. & Bademci E. (2013). Mothers in Cases of Incest in Turkey: Views and Experiences of Professionals. J ournal of Family Violence, 28:253–263.
Kantarcı M.N., Kandemir E., Berber G., Özcan M.E. & Şahin E. (2013). Anti-Epileptic Facilitated Sexual Assault: A Case of Incest. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 23(3):254-6.
Küpeli A., Demirer M., Kalaycı I., Gönen Ö. & Gürpınar S.S. (2014). Is the Victim Daughter or Granddaughter of the Perpetrator? (Incest Case Report). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 131:373–376.
Lazar M.M. (2007). Politicizing Gender in Discourse: Feminist critical Discourse Analysis as Political Perspective and Praxis. İçinde, Lazar M.M. (Ed.), Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis Gender, Power and Ideology in Discourse. New York: Palgrave Macmillan: 1-30.
McCullough K. (2004). Of Woman (But Not Man or the Nuclear Family) Born Motherhood Outside Institutional Heterosexuality. İçinde, O’Reilly A. (Ed.), From Motherhood to Mothering: The Legacy of Adrienne Rich’s of Women Born. Albany: State University of New York Press: 103-124.
McIntrye K. (1981). Role of Mothers in Father-Daughter Incest: A Feminist Analysis. Social Work 1981:462-466.
Millet K. (2011). Cinsel Politika (Çev: Selvi S.). İstanbul: Payel Yay.
Ortner B.S. (1974). Is Female to Male as Nature is to Culture. İçinde, Rosaldo-Zimbalist M. & Lamphere L.S (Eds.), Woman, Culture and Society. California: Stanford University Press: 67-87.
O’Reilly A. (Ed.) (2008). Introduction. Feminist Mothering. Albana: State University of New York Press: 1-24.
O’Reilly A. (Ed.) (2004). From Motherhood to Mothering. İçinde, The Legacy of Adrienne Rich’s of Women Born. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Özdemir B., Celbiş O., İris M. & Üzün İ. (2012). Doğumla Sonuçlanan Baba Kız Ensest: Olgu Sunumu. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1):30-2.
Rich A. (1986). Of Woman Born Motherhood as Experience and Institution. New York&London: W.W. Norton&Company.
Rosaldo-Zimbalist M. (1974). Theoretical Overview. İçinde, Rosaldo-Zimbalist M. & Lamphere L.S (Eds.), Woman, Culture and Society. California: Stanford University Press: 17-42.
Ruddick S. (1995). Maternal Thinking toward a Politics of Peace. Boston: Beacon Press.
Şahin F. & Taşar M.A. (2012). Sexual Abuse and Incest. Turkish Archive of Pediatrics, 47:157-162.
Saygılı S. & Gönenli S. (2008). Aynı Ailede Görülen Çoklu Ensest. Düşünen Adam, 21(1-4):32-37.
Scott W.J. (1988). Deconstructing Equality-versus-Difference: Or the Use of Poststructuralist Theory for Feminism. Feminist Studies, 14(1): 32-50.
Sen C. & Daniluk J. (1995). Themes in the Relationship of Mothers and Their Incestuously Abused Daughters: A Feminist Analysis. Feminism & Psychology, 5(1): 47-60.
Short P. (2005). Conclusion: Reflections on Motherhood. Porter M., Short P. & O’Reilly A. (Eds.), Motherhood: Power and Oppression. Toronto: Woman’s Press: 285-294.
Strand C.V. (2000). Treating Secondary Victims Intervention with Nonoffending Mother in the Incest Family. Thousand Oaks & London&Delhi: Sage Publication.
Taşğın S. & Sarı İ. (2014). Aile İçi Ensestin Nitel Analizi: Şanlıurfa Örneği. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(35): 486-500.
Tamraz N.D. (1996). Nonoffending Mothers of Sexually Abused Children: Comparion of Opinions and Research. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 5(4): 75-104.
Ünüvar Atılmış Ü., Gündüz T., Karbeyaz K., Balcı Y. & Oral R. (2008). Ensest Şüphesi İçeren Bir Olguda Tanı Güçlüğü: Türkiye Klinikleri. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 5(3): 124-132.
Wodak R. (1997). Introduction Some Important Issues in the Research of Gender and Discourse. İçinde, Wodak R. (Ed.), Gender and Discourse. London& Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage Publications:1-20.
Womack M.E., Miller G. & Lassiter P. (1999). Helping Mothers in Incestuous Families: An Emphatic Approach. Women & Therapy, 22(4):17-34.
Van Dijk T. (2015). Critical Discourse Analysis. İçinde, Tannen D., Hamilton H.& Schiffrin D. (Eds.), Handbook of Discourse Analysis (2. baskı). Chichester: Wiley Blackwell: 466-485.
Yiğit, R. (2005). Çocukların Cinsel İstismarı ve Ensest. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3):90-100.
Yüksel B. (2008). What Should the Management of Incest Pregnancies Be? An Ethical View Presented Via Three Cases. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 17(3): 52-54.
İndir
Yayınlanmış
2017-10-10
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Salman-Yıkmış, M. (2017). Türkiye’de Ensest Konulu Akademik Makalelerde Anneyi Suçlama. Kadın/Woman 2000, Journal for Women’s Studies, 19(2), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v19i2.279
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