Çokkültürcülük ve Feminizm: Ayelet Shachar’ın Dönüştürücü Uyum (Transformatıve Accommodatıon) Çerçevesi Bağlamında Liberalizmi Yeniden Düşünmek
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v25i2.509Anahtar Kelimeler:
Çokkültürcü feminizm- evrenselci liberal feminizm- kadın hakları- kültürel kimlik- dönüştürücü uyum modeli- Ayelet ShacharÖzet
Bu makale, kadınların çok boyutlu kimliklerini ve kültürel bağlamlarını merkeze alan çokkültürcü feminist perspektifi, özellikle Ayelet Shachar başta olmak üzere feminist teorisyenlerin kavramsal katkıları çerçevesinde ele almaktadır. Üçüncü dalga feminizm ile çokkültürcülük teorisinin kesişim noktasında gelişen bu yaklaşım, evrenselci liberal feminizmin tek tip kadın anlayışı ve özgürleşme modelini eleştirerek, kültürel bağlamların ve azınlık gruplarına mensup kadınların özgün deneyimlerinin önemini vurgular. Çokkültürcü feminizm, kadın hakları ile kültürel aidiyet arasında adil bir denge kurmayı hedefleyerek, kadınların bireysel haklarını ve kültürel kimliklerini bir arada koruyabilecekleri çoğulcu tanıma ve uyum modellerine olanak tanır. Bu bağlamda, çokkültürcü feminizmin öncü isimlerinden Ayelet Shachar’ın “dönüştürücü uyum” kavramı, kültürel çeşitliliği korurken kadınların eşitlikçi bir yaşam sürmesini de hedefler. Bu kavram dolayımında, yargı ve kamusal hizmet alanlarında devlet ve grup otoriteleri arasında yetki paylaşımına dayalı bir yapı önerilerek, kadınların güçlenmesi ve haklarının gerçekleşmesine yönelik alternatif liberal bir perspektif ortaya konur. Makale, çokkültürlü feminizmin, özellikle Shachar’ın kavramsal çerçevesi üzerinden din-devlet ilişkilerini yeniden değerlendirerek, daha kapsayıcı ve adil bir toplum inşası teklifini derinlemesine incelemektedir.
Referanslar
Abu-Lughod, L. (2013). Do Muslim women need saving? Harvard University Press.
Adler, R. (1998). Engendering Judaism: An inclusive theology and ethics. Jewish Publication Society.
Al-Kazi, L. & González, A. (2018). The veil you know: Individual and societal-level explanations for wearing the hijab in comparative perspective. Social Compass, 65(5). DOI: 10.1177/0037768618800414
Barry, B. (2001). Muddles of multiculturalism. New Left Review, 8, 49–71.
Bhargava, R. (Ed.). (1998). Secularism and its critics. Oxford University Press.
Botting, E. H., & Zlioba, A. (2018). Religion and women’s rights: Susan Moller Okin, Mary Wollstonecraft, and the multiple feminist liberal traditions. History of European Ideas, 44(8), 1169–1188. https://doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2018.1509227
Brah, A. (1996). Cartographies of diaspora: Contesting identities. Routledge.
Castles, S. (2005). Multiculturalism. In M. J. Gibney & R. Hansen (Eds.), Immigration and asylum: From 1900 to the present. Santa Barbara: ABC Clio.
Chakrabarty, D. (2000). Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial thought and historical difference. Princeton University Press.
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039
Collins, P. H. (2019). Intersectionality as critical social theory. Duke University Press.
Delphy, C. (2015). Close to home: A materialist analysis of women’s oppression. Verso.
Fanon, F. (1967). Black skin, white masks. Grove Press.
Fitzmaurice, J. (1993). Theories of ethnic conflict. New York University Press.
Freeman, S. (2011). Justice and the social contract: Essays on Rawlsian political philosophy. Oxford University Press.
Geerts, E. (n.d.). An analysis of Susan Moller Okin’s problematic approach to multiculturalism: A feminist comprehensive liberalism gone wrong.
Ghobadzadeh, N. (2014). Religious secularity: A theological challenge to the Islamic state. Oxford University Press.
Goodhart, D. (2017). The road to somewhere: The populist revolt and the future of politics. Hurst & Company.
Heyes, C. J. (1997). Anti-Essentialism in Practice: Carol Gilligan and Feminist Philosophy. Hypatia, 12(3), 142–163. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3810226
Kapur, R. (2002). The tragedy of victimization rhetoric: Resurrecting the “native” subject in international/post-colonial feminist legal politics. Harvard Human Rights Journal, 15(1), 1–38.
Khader, S. (2018). Decolonizing universalism: A transnational feminist ethic. Oxford University Press.
Korteweg, A. C., & Yurdakul, G. (2021). Liberal feminism and postcolonial difference: Debating headscarves in France, the Netherlands, and Germany. Social Compass, 68(3), 410-429. https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768620974268
Kukathas, C. (2003). The liberal archipelago: A theory of diversity and freedom. Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (1989). Liberalism, community, and culture. Clarendon Press.
Kymlicka, W. (1995). Multicultural citizenship: A liberal theory of minority rights. Clarendon Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2001). Contemporary political philosophy: An introduction. Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W., & Norman, W. (2000). Citizenship in diverse societies. Oxford University Press.
Laborde, C. (2018). Toleration and laïcité. In C. McKinnon & D. Castiglione (Eds.), The culture of toleration in diverse societies: Reasonable tolerance. Manchester University Press.
Mahmood, S. (2015). Religious difference in a secular age: A minority report. Princeton University Press.
Malik, M. (2008). Complex Equality: Muslim Women and the Headscarf. Droit et société 68(1). 127-152. DOI:10.3917/drs.068.0127
Modood, T. (2020). Moderate secularism, religion as identity and res-pect for religion. The Political Quarterly, 81(1), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2010.02075.x
Mohanty, C. (1988). Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses. Feminist Review, 30(1), 61-88. https://doi.org/10.1057/fr.1988.42
Mohanty, C. T. (2003). Feminism without borders: Decolonizing theory, practicing solidarity. Duke University Press.
Mookherjee, M. (2009). Women’s rights as multicultural claims: Reconfiguring gender and diversity in political philosophy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
Moore, H. L. (2000). Difference and recognition: Postmillennial identities and social justice. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 25(4), 1129–1132. DOI:10.1086/495532
Moghadam, V. M. (2002). Islamic feminism and its discontents: Toward a resolution of the debate. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 27(4), 1135-1171. DOI:10.1086/339639
Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2006). Muslim women’s quest for equality: Between Islamic law and feminism. Critical Inquiry, 32(4), 629–645.
Narayan, U. (1998). Dislocating cultures: Identities, traditions, and third world feminism. New York: Routledge.
Nussbaum, M. (1999). A plea for difficulty. In J. Cohen, M. Howard & Nussbaum, Martha C. (Ed.), Is multiculturalism bad for women? (pp. 105-114). Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400840991-017
Okin, S. M. (1989). Justice, gender, and the family. Basic Books.
Okin, S. M. (1992). Women in Western political thought. Princeton University Press.
Okin, S. M. (1998). Feminism and Multiculturalism: Some Tensions. Ethics, 108(4), 661–684. https://doi.org/10.1086/233846
Okin, S. M. (1999). Is multiculturalism bad for women? Princeton University Press.
Okin, S. M. (2002). Mistresses of their own destiny: Group rights, gender, and realistic rights of exit. Ethics, 112(2), 205–230. https://doi.org/10.1086/324645
Parekh, B. (2000). Rethinking multiculturalism: Cultural diversity and political theory. Harvard University Press.
Phillips, A. (2007). Multiculturalism without culture. Princeton University Press.
Rawls, J. (1971) A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Rawls, J. (1993). Political liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.
Rosenblum, N. L. (2000). Obligations of citizenship and demands of faith: Religious accommodation in pluralist democracies. Princeton University Press.
Satz, D. & Reich, R. (eds.) (2009). Toward a humanist justice: The political philosophy of Susan Moller Okin. New York, US: Oxford Univer-sity Press.
Shachar, A. (2001). Multicultural jurisdictions: Cultural differences and women’s rights. Cambridge University Press.
Shachar, A. (2009a). Entangled: State, religion, and the family. Harvard International Law Journal, 49, 135–142.
Shachar, A. (2009b). What we owe women: The view from multicultural feminism. In D. Satz & R. Reich (Eds.), Toward a humanist justice: The political philosophy of Susan Moller Okin (online edn, 1 Sept. 2009). Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195337396.003.0009
Shachar, A. (2016). Faith in law? Diffusing tensions between diversity and equality. In Toward new democratic imaginaries-İstanbul semi-nars on Islam, culture and politics (pp. 315-329). Springer International Publishing.
Song, S. (2007). Justice, Gender, and the Politics of Multiculturalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Soroush, A. (2007). Militant Secularism [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.drsoroush.com/English/On_DrSoroush/E-CMO-2007-Militant%20Secularism.html
Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the Subaltern Speak? In C. Nelson, & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Urba-na/Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Stepan, A. C. (2000). “Religion, Democracy, and the Twin Tolerations”, Journal of Democracy, 11(4), 37-57.
Taylor, C. (1994). The politics of recognition. In Amy Gutmann (Eds.), Multiculturalism: Examining the politics of recognition. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Taylor, C. (1998). Modes of secularism. In R. Bhargava (Ed.), Secularism and its critics (pp. 31–53). Oxford University Press.
Taylor, C. (2009). Foreword. In G. Brahm and T. Modood (ed.) Secularism, religion and multicultural citizenship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tully, J. (1995). Strange multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an age of diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tong, R. (2018). Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction (5th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429495243
Young, I. M. (1990). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Young, I. M. (2002). Inclusion and democracy. Oxford University Press.
Young, I. M. (2003). The Logic of Masculinist Protection: Reflections on the Current Security State. Signs, 29(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1086/375708
Yuval-Davis, N. (1997). Women, Citizenship and Difference. Feminist Review, 57(1), 4-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/014177897339632
Wadud, A. (2004). Qur'ān, Gender and Interpretive Possibilities. Hawwa, 2(3), 316-336. https://doi.org/10.1163/1569208043077297
Walby, S. (1989). Theorising Patriarchy. Sociology, 23(2), 213-234. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038589023002004
Williams, R. (2008). Civil and religious law in England: A religious perspective. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/feb/07/religion.world2
Zimmerman, D. (2014). Young Arab Muslim Women's Agency Challenging Western Feminism. Affilia 30(2), 145-157. DOI: 10.1177/0886109914546126
Yayınlanmış
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2025 Kadın/Woman 2000, Journal for Women's Studies

Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [6 months] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)