The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Women’s Employment in Turkey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v18i1.261Keywords:
FDI, GDP, women's employment, panel dataAbstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on women's employment in Turkey on sectoral basis. The study covers the period between 2004 and 2012, the method is dynamic panel data analysis method. The results show that the effect of FDI on women employment is negative while the effect of GDP is positive. As a contribution to literature, present study takes into account the effect of FDI on women's employment rather than aggregate employment in a sectoral analysis.
References
Arellano & Bond (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. Review of Economic Studies, 58: 277–297.
Bayar Y. (2014). Effects of Economic Growth, Export and Foreign Direct İnvestment Inflows on Unemployment in Turkey. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 11(2): 20-27.
Bell M. & Pavitt K. (1993), Accumulating technological capability in developing countries. Proccedings of the World Bank Annual Conference. Washington, DC.: 257-283.
Blomström M.; Fors G. & Lipsey R.E. (1997). Foreign Direct Investment and Employment: Home Country Experience in the United States and Sweden. NBER Working Paper Series, No.6205, 1-18.
Braunstein E. (2002). Gender, FDI and Women’s Autonomy: A Research Note on Empirical Analysis. Political Economy Research Institute Working Paper Series, 49: 1-19.
Braunstein E. (2006). Foreign Direct Investment, Development and Gender Equity: A Review of Research and Policy. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 12: 1-40.
Braunstein E. & Brenner M. (2007). Foreign Direct Investment and Gendered Wages in Urban China. Feminist Economics, 13(3-4): 213-237.
Driffield N. (1999). Indirect Employment Effects of Foreign Direct Investment Into the UK. Bulletin of Economic Research, 51(3): 207-221.
Ekinci A. (2011). Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların Ekonomik Büyüme ve İstihdama Etkisi: Türkiye Uygulaması (1980-2010). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 6(2): 71-96.
Ernst C. (2005). The FDI – employment link in a globalizing world: The case of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. Employment Strategy Papers, 17: 1-45.
Feenstra R.C. & Hanson G.H. (1997). Foreign Direct İnvestment and Relative Wages: Evidence from Mexico’s Maquiladoras. Journal of International Economics, 42: 371-393.
Fontana M. (2003). The Gender Effects of Trade Liberalisation in Brighton, Discussion Papers in Economics.
Glass A.J. & Saggi K. (1998). International Technology Transfer and the Technology Gap. Journal of Development Economics, 55: 369-398.
Göçer İ. & Peker O. (2014). Yabancı Doğrudan Yatırımların İstihdam Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye, Çin ve Hindistan Örneğinde Çoklu Yapısal Kırılmalı Eş bütünleşme Analizi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 21(1): 107-123.
Gündoğan N. (2002). Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve İstihdam Üzerine Etkileri. İ.Ü. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26: 71-83.
Hisarcıklılar M.; Gültekin-Karakaş D. & Aşıcı A.A. (2009). Can FDI Be A Panacea For Unemployment?: The Turkish Case. Workshop on Labour Markets, Trade and FDI, İTÜ, İstanbul. İnternet adresi: . www.esam.itu.edu.tr/Nottingha mWorkshopPapers/Hisarciklilar-Karakas-Asici-NW.pdf.
Hunya G. & Geishecker I. (2005). Employment Effects of FDI in Central and Eastern Europe. WİİW Research Reports, 321: 1-46.
Jayaraman T.K. & Singh B. (2007). Foreign Direct Investment and Employment Creation in Pacific Island Countries: An Empirical Study of Fiji. Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade Working Paper Series, 35: 1-17.
Karagöz K. (2007). Bir Sosyal Politika Aracı Olarak Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların İstihdama Etkisi. Sosyoloji Konferansları Dergisi, 36: 99-116.
Lall S. (1995). Employment and foreign investment: Policy options for developing countries. International Labour Review, 134(4-5): 521-540.
Mariotti S.; Mutinelli M. & Piscitello L. (2003). Home Country Employment and Foreign Direct İnvestment: Evidence From the Italian Case. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 27: 419-431.
Radosevic S.; Varblane U. & Mickiewicz T. (2003). Foreign Direct İnvestment and İts Effect on Employment in Central Europe. Transnational Corporations, 12(1): 53-90.
Ryle G. (1949). The Concept of Mind. Chıcago: University of Chicago Press.
Saray O.M. (2011). Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar-İstihdam İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Maliye Dergisi, 161: 381-403.
Sayek S. (2007). FDI in Turkey: The Investment Climate and EU Effects. The Journal of International Trade and Diplomacy, 1(2): 105-138.
Siegmann K.A. (2007). Globalisation, Gender and Equity: Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Labour Markets in Rural Indonesia. Journal of Economics, 3(1): 113-130.
United Nations (1994). World Investment Report 1994, Transnational Corporations, Employment and the Workplace. Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
United Nations (2014). World Investment Report 2014: Investment in the SDGs: An Action Plan. Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
Vergil H. & Ayaş N. (2009). Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların İstihdam Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği. İktisat, İşletme ve Finans, 24(275): 89-114.
Yılmaz K. (2007). Türkiye için Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Stratejisi’ne Doğru. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Zhang Y.; Li H. & Zhou L. (2010). FDI Spillovers in an Emerging Market: The Role of Foreign Firms' Country Origin Diversity and Domestic Firms' Absorptive Capacity. Strategic Management Journal, 31(9): 969-989.
Zhao, L. (1998). The impact of foreign direct investment on wages and employment. Oxford Economic Papers, 50, 284-301.
Bayar Y. (2014). Effects of Economic Growth, Export and Foreign Direct İnvestment Inflows on Unemployment in Turkey. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 11(2): 20-27.
Bell M. & Pavitt K. (1993), Accumulating technological capability in developing countries. Proccedings of the World Bank Annual Conference. Washington, DC.: 257-283.
Blomström M.; Fors G. & Lipsey R.E. (1997). Foreign Direct Investment and Employment: Home Country Experience in the United States and Sweden. NBER Working Paper Series, No.6205, 1-18.
Braunstein E. (2002). Gender, FDI and Women’s Autonomy: A Research Note on Empirical Analysis. Political Economy Research Institute Working Paper Series, 49: 1-19.
Braunstein E. (2006). Foreign Direct Investment, Development and Gender Equity: A Review of Research and Policy. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 12: 1-40.
Braunstein E. & Brenner M. (2007). Foreign Direct Investment and Gendered Wages in Urban China. Feminist Economics, 13(3-4): 213-237.
Driffield N. (1999). Indirect Employment Effects of Foreign Direct Investment Into the UK. Bulletin of Economic Research, 51(3): 207-221.
Ekinci A. (2011). Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların Ekonomik Büyüme ve İstihdama Etkisi: Türkiye Uygulaması (1980-2010). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 6(2): 71-96.
Ernst C. (2005). The FDI – employment link in a globalizing world: The case of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. Employment Strategy Papers, 17: 1-45.
Feenstra R.C. & Hanson G.H. (1997). Foreign Direct İnvestment and Relative Wages: Evidence from Mexico’s Maquiladoras. Journal of International Economics, 42: 371-393.
Fontana M. (2003). The Gender Effects of Trade Liberalisation in Brighton, Discussion Papers in Economics.
Glass A.J. & Saggi K. (1998). International Technology Transfer and the Technology Gap. Journal of Development Economics, 55: 369-398.
Göçer İ. & Peker O. (2014). Yabancı Doğrudan Yatırımların İstihdam Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye, Çin ve Hindistan Örneğinde Çoklu Yapısal Kırılmalı Eş bütünleşme Analizi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 21(1): 107-123.
Gündoğan N. (2002). Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve İstihdam Üzerine Etkileri. İ.Ü. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26: 71-83.
Hisarcıklılar M.; Gültekin-Karakaş D. & Aşıcı A.A. (2009). Can FDI Be A Panacea For Unemployment?: The Turkish Case. Workshop on Labour Markets, Trade and FDI, İTÜ, İstanbul. İnternet adresi: . www.esam.itu.edu.tr/Nottingha mWorkshopPapers/Hisarciklilar-Karakas-Asici-NW.pdf.
Hunya G. & Geishecker I. (2005). Employment Effects of FDI in Central and Eastern Europe. WİİW Research Reports, 321: 1-46.
Jayaraman T.K. & Singh B. (2007). Foreign Direct Investment and Employment Creation in Pacific Island Countries: An Empirical Study of Fiji. Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade Working Paper Series, 35: 1-17.
Karagöz K. (2007). Bir Sosyal Politika Aracı Olarak Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların İstihdama Etkisi. Sosyoloji Konferansları Dergisi, 36: 99-116.
Lall S. (1995). Employment and foreign investment: Policy options for developing countries. International Labour Review, 134(4-5): 521-540.
Mariotti S.; Mutinelli M. & Piscitello L. (2003). Home Country Employment and Foreign Direct İnvestment: Evidence From the Italian Case. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 27: 419-431.
Radosevic S.; Varblane U. & Mickiewicz T. (2003). Foreign Direct İnvestment and İts Effect on Employment in Central Europe. Transnational Corporations, 12(1): 53-90.
Ryle G. (1949). The Concept of Mind. Chıcago: University of Chicago Press.
Saray O.M. (2011). Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar-İstihdam İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Maliye Dergisi, 161: 381-403.
Sayek S. (2007). FDI in Turkey: The Investment Climate and EU Effects. The Journal of International Trade and Diplomacy, 1(2): 105-138.
Siegmann K.A. (2007). Globalisation, Gender and Equity: Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Labour Markets in Rural Indonesia. Journal of Economics, 3(1): 113-130.
United Nations (1994). World Investment Report 1994, Transnational Corporations, Employment and the Workplace. Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
United Nations (2014). World Investment Report 2014: Investment in the SDGs: An Action Plan. Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
Vergil H. & Ayaş N. (2009). Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların İstihdam Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği. İktisat, İşletme ve Finans, 24(275): 89-114.
Yılmaz K. (2007). Türkiye için Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Stratejisi’ne Doğru. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Zhang Y.; Li H. & Zhou L. (2010). FDI Spillovers in an Emerging Market: The Role of Foreign Firms' Country Origin Diversity and Domestic Firms' Absorptive Capacity. Strategic Management Journal, 31(9): 969-989.
Zhao, L. (1998). The impact of foreign direct investment on wages and employment. Oxford Economic Papers, 50, 284-301.
Downloads
Published
2017-10-10
How to Cite
Tekin, İpek, & Aktakas, B. G. (2017). The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Women’s Employment in Turkey. Kadın/Woman 2000, Journal for Women’s Studies, 18(1), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v18i1.261
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [6 months] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)
